Bergama Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape Area
Pergamon Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape Area, Pergamon (multi-layered city), Cybele Sanctuary, which was included in the World Heritage List in the Cultural Landscape Category at the 38th term meeting of the World Heritage Committee and includes layers from the Hellenistic, Roman, Eastern Roman and Ottoman Periods. It consists of nine components: İlyas Tepe, Yığma Tepe, İkili, Tavşan Tepe, X Tepe, A Tepe and Maltepe Tumuli. The ancient settlement of Pergamon at the top of Kale Mountain represents the best example of Hellenistic period city planning with its monumental architecture. The Temple of Athena, the Temple of Trajan, the steepest theater structure of the Hellenistic period, the library, the Heroon, the Altar of Zeus, the Temple of Dionysus, the agora and the gymnasium structures stand out as the most outstanding examples of this planning system and period architecture. The city, which was the capital of the Hellenistic Kingdom of Pergamon, was an important educational center. Pergamum, which later became the capital of the Asian Province of the Roman Empire, hosted Asklepion, one of the most important health centers of its period. The city, which contains many exceptional examples from the Hellenistic and Roman periods along with the surrounding cultural landscape, has maintained its importance with many mosques, inns, baths and commercial centers belonging to the Ottoman period architecture, especially spread over layers from the Roman and Eastern Roman periods.
